Using Ultrasound to Accurately Locate Bone Surfaces

The primary intraoperative imaging modality used in orthopaedic surgery is C-arm fluoroscopy, but this modality is intrinsically two-dimensional and can expose the patient and operating room team to ionizing radiation. Our goal is to use ultrasound instead, as it is a safe imaging technique that can generate intrinsically three-dimensional surface representations. The key applications are in trauma and spine surgery.